The MRC Oxford Muscle Grading Scale has been a longstanding tool in physiotherapy for measuring strength – it’s simple, fast, and widely recognised. But when it comes to detecting meaningful change, especially in higher grades (4 and 5), it’s not always up to the task. Why? Because it’s subjective, insensitive to small but important changes, and heavily reliant on the examiner’s judgement. Where precision matters, we think it’s time to modernise muscle testing.
| Score | Description |
| 0 | No contraction |
| 1 | Flicker or trace of contraction |
| 2 | Active movement, gravity eliminated |
| 3 | Active movement, against gravity |
| 4 | Active movement, against gravity and resistance |
| 5 | Normal power |
So how do we do better? With digital dynamometry and surface EMG!
Why Digital Dynamometry Makes a Difference in Grades 4 and 5
When a muscle tests as “nearly normal,” how can you tell if therapy is actually improving strength? How do you measure and quantify the effects of repeated efforts and the impact of fatigue? That’s where digital dynamometry excels. It quantifies muscle force output in real-time, picking up subtle but meaningful gains that the MRC scale often misses. This is especially important for our trauma and nerve injury clients, where every small improvement counts. It also adds objectivity, enabling clearer progress tracking, goal setting, and communication across MDTs and medico-legal contexts.
Using Surface EMG in Lower Grades and Peripheral Nerve Injury Recovery
For muscle grades below MRC 3, where visible movement may be minimal or absent, surface EMG offers vital insight. It allows clinicians to detect early or subtle muscle activation that can’t be observed manually. This is an especially powerful tool in peripheral nerve injury recovery such as brachial plexus injuries, or complex lower limb fractures where the tibial and common peroneal nerves may be damaged.
When a muscle has lost function due to nerve damage, sEMG can help track the return of voluntary activity, guide the use of denervated or standard electrical stimulation, and inform clinical decision-making. It’s also invaluable for tailoring therapy using biofeedback, identifying compensations, and supporting realistic goal-setting, even when reinnervation is in its early stages.
At Physio4You, we combine the trusted MRC scale with advanced tools like digital dynamometry and surface EMG to offer a more complete picture of muscle function and recovery.
| Tool | Strength | Use |
| MRC scale | Simple, standard | Broad assessment norms |
| Digital dynamometry | Sensitive, quantifiable for resisted testing | Detects changes in strength (MRC 4/5) |
| Surface EMG + NCS/EDX | Electrical insight with more profound weakness | Charts low muscle strength, early reinnervation, guides timing for nerve repair and informs stimulation therapy. |
Summary
This integrated approach ensures:
- Assessment of nerve injury and reinnervation.
- Accurate tracking of small but significant strength improvements.
- Data-driven programming – no guesswork or “power-of-the-hand” estimations.
- Fully documented progress, ideal for multi-disciplinary and medico-legal settings.
This allows us to track subtle changes in strength, monitor nerve recovery, and personalise treatment in a way that is both objective and meaningful. By blending clinical expertise with technology, we ensure that our assessments and rehabilitation programmes are evidence-based, precise, and tailored to the unique needs of every client, no matter where they are on the MRC scale.